Unicode is an international standard designed to consistently represent and handle all characters in the world on computers.
7-bit; uppercase and lowercase Latin letters and basic symbols only (128 characters)
Variable length (1-4 bytes), ASCII compatible, web standard
Variable length (2-4 bytes), most BMP characters in 2 bytes
Type a string to quickly convert and view it in ASCII, UTF-16, UTF-8, HTML entities, or URL encoding.
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UTF-8 is mainly used on the web and has good ASCII compatibility. UTF-16 is efficient for East Asian characters and is used in Java/Windows.
Usually due to missing charset declaration or server/client encoding mismatch. Check .
Most emojis are encoded as 4 bytes in UTF-8. (Example: 😊 = F0 9F 98 8A)