GPA (Grade Point Average) is a standardized measure of academic achievement. It's calculated by dividing total grade points by total credits. Formula: GPA = Σ(Grade Points × Credits) ÷ Σ(Credits)

4.5 Scale: Used in Korea, includes A+(4.5). 4.3 Scale: Used in some US/Korean universities. 4.0 Scale: US standard, both A/A+ equal 4.0. Grade point values differ by scale.

Courses with more credits have greater impact on GPA. Retaking failed courses can improve GPA. Graduate schools typically require 3.0+ GPA. Dean's List usually requires 3.5+ GPA.